鉅亨網查淑妝•台北綜合報導
2008 / 06 / 19 星期四 15:35
由於氣候變暖冰山融化等因素，一些學者相信，到2100年，整個地球就將被海水淹沒，變成一片汪洋。為了不讓人類 100年後遭受滅頂之災，法國著名建築設計師文森特•卡勒波特(Vincent Callebaut)設計了一艘「未來版諾亞方舟」，它像一朵巨大的百合花盛開在海面上，可供 5萬人同時居住。
新華網引述法國媒體報導，據「全球氣候演化政府間組織」發布的報告預測，由于氣候變暖造成冰山融化等因素，全球海洋洋面將會在21世紀上升20到90厘米，相比起20世紀上升的10厘米這是一個非常令人擔憂的數據。
而一些未來學家甚至相信，在全球氣候環境越來越惡劣的情況下，地球很可能在 100年甚至幾10年後就變成一片汪洋，到那時本來生活在陸地上的人類將失去棲身之所。
為了讓 100年後人類不至於遭受滅頂之災，法國著名建築設計師文森特•卡勒波特設計了一艘「未來版諾亞方舟」。從設計圖看，這艘方舟的外形已不像任何一艘現有的巨輪，倒更像是儒勒•凡爾納(Jules Gabriel Verne)科幻小說《機器島》中漂浮在海面上的人工島，因此設計師文森特也將之戲稱為「文森特的漂流城堡」。
「未 來版諾亞方舟」正式名稱叫作「Lilypad」(百合花瓣之意)，它呈圓盤形狀，直徑達到1000米，上面修建有一些從數10米到數百米之間高低不等的流 線型建築，猶如花瓣一樣。從空中俯瞰，「Lilypad」的外形就像漂浮在海洋中的一朵盛開的百合花，而且這些或高或低的花瓣還可以自由組合，和中央區域 可以拆分。
「Lilypad」是一個真正的「雙棲海上城市」，它的上半部分露出海面，是一座與陸地建築沒有區別的建築；而整個城市的下半 部分則浸沒在水下，又令它猶如船只一樣可以在海面上四處漂流。它還可以隨著不同季節的洋流變化從赤道漂流到南極或北極，每年都在兩極之間的海洋中悠然行 駛。
「Lilypad」大約可容納 5萬人正常生活。盡管終日生活在海上，但方舟上的居民卻不會感到煩悶，因為它將擁有世界上最大的海上體育館、圓形劇院，醫院、戶外公園、高爾夫球場，讓海上居民就像居住在陸地上一樣方便愜意。
「Lilypad」 上建有 3個碼頭和3座「人造山」。這3座「人造山」相當於陸地上的高樓大廈，其中將建有辦公樓、商場和各種娛樂場所，滿足工作和休閒需要。而「人造山」表面的墻 和屋頂都幾乎經過了綠化，上面覆蓋著草坪，並建有懸空花園。在3座「人造山」之間，則將有縱橫交錯的街道網絡相連。
方舟的中央，將是一個巨大的湖泊，它被 3座「人造山」環繞。水下部分的外殼為全透明材料制造而成，讓居民能在水下餐廳邊進餐邊欣賞海底美景，從而在「陸地生活」和「海底生活」之間自由切換。
「Lilypad」將是一座可以自給自足的智能型生態人工島，將利用太陽能、風能、潮汐能、生物質能提供主要能源。水上部分所有建築外立面都採用特殊材料，可以通過吸收陽光產生光合作用形成能源。而巨大湖泊除了美化環境外，還可以通過搜集並凈化雨水為居民提供生活淡水。
它的水下部分將養育有大量自然海洋浮游生物和植物，它們可以吸收分解海上居民生活產生的二氧化碳和廢棄垃圾，並將之轉換成有用的氧氣和電力。
從理論上講，一旦人類住進這艘「未來版諾亞方舟」，就無須尋找陸地生活了。設計者文森特‧卡勒波特說，他的目的就是建造一個和諧的生態環境，讓未來生活在海上的人類和自然和諧相處。
LILYPAD, A FLOATING ECOPOLIS FOR CLIMATE REFUGEES
2100, a large crowd of ecological refugees
Further to the anthropogenic activity, the climate warms up and the ocean level increases. According to the principle of Archimedes and contrary to preconceived notions, the melting of the arctic ice-floe will not change the rising of the water exactly as an ice cube melting in a glass of water does not make its level rise. However, there are two huge ice reservoirs that are not on the water and whose melting will transfer their volume towards the oceans, leading to their rising. It deals with the ice caps of Antarctic and Greenland on the one hand, and the continental glaciers on the other hand. Another reason of the ocean rising, that does not have anything to do with the ice melting is the water dilatation under the effect of the temperature.
According to the less alarming forecasts of the GIEC (Intergovernmental group on the evolution of the climate), the ocean level should rise from 20 to 90 cm during the 21st Century with a status quo by 50 cm (versus 10 cm in the 20th Century). The international scientific scene assets that a temperature elevation of 1°C will lead to a water rising of 1 meter. This increase of 1 m would bring ground losses emerged of approximately 0.05% in Uruguay, 1% in Egypt, 6% in the Netherlands, 17.5% in Bangladesh and up to 80% approximately in the atoll Majuro in Oceania (Marshall and Kiribati islands and step by step the Maldives islands).
If the first meter is not very funny with more than 50 million of people affected in the developing countries, the situation is worse with the second one. Countries like Vietnam, Egypt, Bangladesh, Guyana or Bahamas will see their most inhabited places swamped at each flood and their most fertile fields devastated by the invasion of salt water damaging the local ecosystems. New York, Bombay, Calcutta, Hô Chi Minh City, Shanghai, Miami, Lagos, Abidjan, Djakarta, Alexandria… not les that 250 million of climatic refugees and 9% of the GDP threatened if we not build protections related to such a threat. It is the demonstration inflicted to reluctant spirits by a climatological study of the OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) and that challenges our imagination of eco-conception!
The water rising being not written in the agenda of the Grenelle agreements on environment in France, it is primordial in terms of environmental crisis and climatic exodus to pass from now on from a strategy of reaction in emergency to a strategy of a adaptation and long-lasting anticipation. It is surprising, whereas some islands prepare their disappearing to see that the management of the rising of the ocean level does not seem to worry the governments beyond measure. More surprising to see that the populations of the developed countries continue to rush on the littoral to build districts over there; houses and buildings dedicated to a certain flood.
Lilypad, a prototype of auto-sufficient amphibious city
Whereas the Netherlands and the United Arabic Emirates « fatten » their beach with billion of euros to build their short-living polders and their protective dams for a decade, the project «Lilypad» deals with a tenable solution to the water rising! Actually, facing the worldwide ecological crisis, this floating Ecopolis has the double objective not only to widen sustainabely in offshore the territories of the most developed countries such as the Monaco principality but above all to grant the housing of future climatic refugees of he next submerged ultra-marine territories such as the Polynesian atolls. New biotechnological prototype of ecologic resilience dedicated to the nomadism and the urban ecology in the sea, Lilypad travels on the water line of the oceans, from the equator to the poles following the marine streams warm ascending of the Gulf Stream or cold descending of the Labrador.
It is a true amphibian half aquatic and half terrestrial city, able to accommodate 50,000 inhabitants and inviting the biodiversity to develop its fauna and flora around a central lagoon of soft water collecting and purifying the rain waters. This artificial lagoon is entirely immersed ballasting thus the city. It enables to live in the heart of the subaquatic depths. The multifunctional programming is based on three marinas and three mountains dedicated respectively to the work, the shops and the entertainments. The whole set is covered by a stratum of planted housing in suspended gardens and crossed by a network of streets and alleyways with organic outline. The goal is to create a harmonious coexistence of the couple Human / Nature and to explore new modes of living the sea by building with fluidity collective spaces in proximity, overwhelming spaces of social inclusion suitable to the meeting of all the inhabitants – denizen or foreign-born, recent or old, young or aged people.
The floating structure in « branches » of the Ecopolis is directly inspired of the highly ribbed leave of the great lilypad of Amazonia Victoria Regia increased 250 times. Coming from the family of Nympheas, this aquatic plant with exceptional plasticity was discovered by the German botanist Thaddeaus Haenke and dedicated to the Queen Victoria of England in the 19th Century. The double skin is made of polyester fibres covered by a layer of titanium dioxide (TiO2) like an anatase which by reacting to the ultraviolet rays enable to absorb the atmospheric pollution by photocatalytic effect. Entirely autosufficient, Lilypad takes up the four main challenges launched by the OECD in March 2008: climate, biodiversity, water and health. It reached a positive energetic balance with zero carbone emission by the integration of all the renewable energies (solar, thermal and photovoltaic energies, wind energy, hydraulic, tidal power station, osmotic energies, phytopurification, biomass) producing thus durably more energy that it consumes! True biotope entirely recyclable, this floating Ecopolis tends thus towards the positive eco-accountancy of the building in the oceanic ecosystems by producing and softening itself the oxygen and the electricity, by recycling the CO2 and the waste, by purifying and softening biologically the used waters and by integrating ecological niches, aquaculture fields and biotic corridors on and under its body to meet its own food needs.
To reply to the mutation of the migratory flows coming from the hydroclimatic factors, Lilypad join thus on the mode of anticipation particular to the Jules Verne’s literature, the alternative possibility of a multicultural floating Ecopolis whose metabolism would be in perfect symbiosis with the cycles of the nature. It will be one of the major challenges of the 21st Century to create an international convention inventing new special means to accommodate the environmental migrants by recognizing their rights and obligations. Political and social challenge, the urban sustainable development must more than ever enter in resonance worldly with the human sustainable development!
2008 / 06 / 19 星期四 15:35
由於氣候變暖冰山融化等因素，一些學者相信，到2100年，整個地球就將被海水淹沒，變成一片汪洋。為了不讓人類 100年後遭受滅頂之災，法國著名建築設計師文森特•卡勒波特(Vincent Callebaut)設計了一艘「未來版諾亞方舟」，它像一朵巨大的百合花盛開在海面上，可供 5萬人同時居住。
新華網引述法國媒體報導，據「全球氣候演化政府間組織」發布的報告預測，由于氣候變暖造成冰山融化等因素，全球海洋洋面將會在21世紀上升20到90厘米，相比起20世紀上升的10厘米這是一個非常令人擔憂的數據。
而一些未來學家甚至相信，在全球氣候環境越來越惡劣的情況下，地球很可能在 100年甚至幾10年後就變成一片汪洋，到那時本來生活在陸地上的人類將失去棲身之所。
為了讓 100年後人類不至於遭受滅頂之災，法國著名建築設計師文森特•卡勒波特設計了一艘「未來版諾亞方舟」。從設計圖看，這艘方舟的外形已不像任何一艘現有的巨輪，倒更像是儒勒•凡爾納(Jules Gabriel Verne)科幻小說《機器島》中漂浮在海面上的人工島，因此設計師文森特也將之戲稱為「文森特的漂流城堡」。
「未 來版諾亞方舟」正式名稱叫作「Lilypad」(百合花瓣之意)，它呈圓盤形狀，直徑達到1000米，上面修建有一些從數10米到數百米之間高低不等的流 線型建築，猶如花瓣一樣。從空中俯瞰，「Lilypad」的外形就像漂浮在海洋中的一朵盛開的百合花，而且這些或高或低的花瓣還可以自由組合，和中央區域 可以拆分。
「Lilypad」是一個真正的「雙棲海上城市」，它的上半部分露出海面，是一座與陸地建築沒有區別的建築；而整個城市的下半 部分則浸沒在水下，又令它猶如船只一樣可以在海面上四處漂流。它還可以隨著不同季節的洋流變化從赤道漂流到南極或北極，每年都在兩極之間的海洋中悠然行 駛。
「Lilypad」大約可容納 5萬人正常生活。盡管終日生活在海上，但方舟上的居民卻不會感到煩悶，因為它將擁有世界上最大的海上體育館、圓形劇院，醫院、戶外公園、高爾夫球場，讓海上居民就像居住在陸地上一樣方便愜意。
「Lilypad」 上建有 3個碼頭和3座「人造山」。這3座「人造山」相當於陸地上的高樓大廈，其中將建有辦公樓、商場和各種娛樂場所，滿足工作和休閒需要。而「人造山」表面的墻 和屋頂都幾乎經過了綠化，上面覆蓋著草坪，並建有懸空花園。在3座「人造山」之間，則將有縱橫交錯的街道網絡相連。
方舟的中央，將是一個巨大的湖泊，它被 3座「人造山」環繞。水下部分的外殼為全透明材料制造而成，讓居民能在水下餐廳邊進餐邊欣賞海底美景，從而在「陸地生活」和「海底生活」之間自由切換。
「Lilypad」將是一座可以自給自足的智能型生態人工島，將利用太陽能、風能、潮汐能、生物質能提供主要能源。水上部分所有建築外立面都採用特殊材料，可以通過吸收陽光產生光合作用形成能源。而巨大湖泊除了美化環境外，還可以通過搜集並凈化雨水為居民提供生活淡水。
它的水下部分將養育有大量自然海洋浮游生物和植物，它們可以吸收分解海上居民生活產生的二氧化碳和廢棄垃圾，並將之轉換成有用的氧氣和電力。
從理論上講，一旦人類住進這艘「未來版諾亞方舟」，就無須尋找陸地生活了。設計者文森特‧卡勒波特說，他的目的就是建造一個和諧的生態環境，讓未來生活在海上的人類和自然和諧相處。
LILYPAD, A FLOATING ECOPOLIS FOR CLIMATE REFUGEES
2100, a large crowd of ecological refugees
Further to the anthropogenic activity, the climate warms up and the ocean level increases. According to the principle of Archimedes and contrary to preconceived notions, the melting of the arctic ice-floe will not change the rising of the water exactly as an ice cube melting in a glass of water does not make its level rise. However, there are two huge ice reservoirs that are not on the water and whose melting will transfer their volume towards the oceans, leading to their rising. It deals with the ice caps of Antarctic and Greenland on the one hand, and the continental glaciers on the other hand. Another reason of the ocean rising, that does not have anything to do with the ice melting is the water dilatation under the effect of the temperature.
According to the less alarming forecasts of the GIEC (Intergovernmental group on the evolution of the climate), the ocean level should rise from 20 to 90 cm during the 21st Century with a status quo by 50 cm (versus 10 cm in the 20th Century). The international scientific scene assets that a temperature elevation of 1°C will lead to a water rising of 1 meter. This increase of 1 m would bring ground losses emerged of approximately 0.05% in Uruguay, 1% in Egypt, 6% in the Netherlands, 17.5% in Bangladesh and up to 80% approximately in the atoll Majuro in Oceania (Marshall and Kiribati islands and step by step the Maldives islands).
If the first meter is not very funny with more than 50 million of people affected in the developing countries, the situation is worse with the second one. Countries like Vietnam, Egypt, Bangladesh, Guyana or Bahamas will see their most inhabited places swamped at each flood and their most fertile fields devastated by the invasion of salt water damaging the local ecosystems. New York, Bombay, Calcutta, Hô Chi Minh City, Shanghai, Miami, Lagos, Abidjan, Djakarta, Alexandria… not les that 250 million of climatic refugees and 9% of the GDP threatened if we not build protections related to such a threat. It is the demonstration inflicted to reluctant spirits by a climatological study of the OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) and that challenges our imagination of eco-conception!
The water rising being not written in the agenda of the Grenelle agreements on environment in France, it is primordial in terms of environmental crisis and climatic exodus to pass from now on from a strategy of reaction in emergency to a strategy of a adaptation and long-lasting anticipation. It is surprising, whereas some islands prepare their disappearing to see that the management of the rising of the ocean level does not seem to worry the governments beyond measure. More surprising to see that the populations of the developed countries continue to rush on the littoral to build districts over there; houses and buildings dedicated to a certain flood.
Lilypad, a prototype of auto-sufficient amphibious city
Whereas the Netherlands and the United Arabic Emirates « fatten » their beach with billion of euros to build their short-living polders and their protective dams for a decade, the project «Lilypad» deals with a tenable solution to the water rising! Actually, facing the worldwide ecological crisis, this floating Ecopolis has the double objective not only to widen sustainabely in offshore the territories of the most developed countries such as the Monaco principality but above all to grant the housing of future climatic refugees of he next submerged ultra-marine territories such as the Polynesian atolls. New biotechnological prototype of ecologic resilience dedicated to the nomadism and the urban ecology in the sea, Lilypad travels on the water line of the oceans, from the equator to the poles following the marine streams warm ascending of the Gulf Stream or cold descending of the Labrador.
It is a true amphibian half aquatic and half terrestrial city, able to accommodate 50,000 inhabitants and inviting the biodiversity to develop its fauna and flora around a central lagoon of soft water collecting and purifying the rain waters. This artificial lagoon is entirely immersed ballasting thus the city. It enables to live in the heart of the subaquatic depths. The multifunctional programming is based on three marinas and three mountains dedicated respectively to the work, the shops and the entertainments. The whole set is covered by a stratum of planted housing in suspended gardens and crossed by a network of streets and alleyways with organic outline. The goal is to create a harmonious coexistence of the couple Human / Nature and to explore new modes of living the sea by building with fluidity collective spaces in proximity, overwhelming spaces of social inclusion suitable to the meeting of all the inhabitants – denizen or foreign-born, recent or old, young or aged people.
The floating structure in « branches » of the Ecopolis is directly inspired of the highly ribbed leave of the great lilypad of Amazonia Victoria Regia increased 250 times. Coming from the family of Nympheas, this aquatic plant with exceptional plasticity was discovered by the German botanist Thaddeaus Haenke and dedicated to the Queen Victoria of England in the 19th Century. The double skin is made of polyester fibres covered by a layer of titanium dioxide (TiO2) like an anatase which by reacting to the ultraviolet rays enable to absorb the atmospheric pollution by photocatalytic effect. Entirely autosufficient, Lilypad takes up the four main challenges launched by the OECD in March 2008: climate, biodiversity, water and health. It reached a positive energetic balance with zero carbone emission by the integration of all the renewable energies (solar, thermal and photovoltaic energies, wind energy, hydraulic, tidal power station, osmotic energies, phytopurification, biomass) producing thus durably more energy that it consumes! True biotope entirely recyclable, this floating Ecopolis tends thus towards the positive eco-accountancy of the building in the oceanic ecosystems by producing and softening itself the oxygen and the electricity, by recycling the CO2 and the waste, by purifying and softening biologically the used waters and by integrating ecological niches, aquaculture fields and biotic corridors on and under its body to meet its own food needs.
To reply to the mutation of the migratory flows coming from the hydroclimatic factors, Lilypad join thus on the mode of anticipation particular to the Jules Verne’s literature, the alternative possibility of a multicultural floating Ecopolis whose metabolism would be in perfect symbiosis with the cycles of the nature. It will be one of the major challenges of the 21st Century to create an international convention inventing new special means to accommodate the environmental migrants by recognizing their rights and obligations. Political and social challenge, the urban sustainable development must more than ever enter in resonance worldly with the human sustainable development!