英國薩福克郡滑動住宅：dRMM建築團隊大膽創新，五十噸移動屋殼重新定義鄉村居住美學
在英國薩福克郡的鄉間，一座令人嘆為觀止的滑動住宅由倫敦dRMM建築團隊精心打造，徹底顛覆了傳統建築的固定觀念。這棟別具匠心的作品，擁有可沿著地面軌道滑行的五十噸重外殼結構，能夠依據季節、天氣或居住者的心情，自由變換室內外空間的配置、採光及遮蔽程度，為東安格利亞的鄉村風光增添了一抹現代氣息，也為建築與自然環境的對話開啟了嶄新視角。
建築滑行的奇想：一座會動的住家
這是一座令人耳目一新的可滑動住宅，建築本體與可移動的外殼之間靈活互動，創造出千變萬化的空間體驗。倫敦建築事務所dRMM（de Rijke Marsh Morgan）精心設計了這棟位於英國薩福克郡（Suffolk）的獨特住宅，其最引人矚目的特色是一個可移動的牆面與屋頂結構，能夠依照需求覆蓋或敞開建築的不同部分。
這座動態建築長達二十八公尺，重達五十公噸，沿著埋入地面的軌道自如滑行。當這個龐大的移動元素滑動時，靜態的主屋、客房附屬建築與溫室之間會形成變化多端的戶外生活空間，同時也改變了室內的視野、採光條件以及空間的封閉感。建築師巧妙運用「動」與「靜」的對比，讓居住者能夠根據不同季節、天氣變化或個人喜好，隨心所欲地調整居住空間的氛圍，實現了「千變萬化」的居住體驗。
東安格利亞的鄉野新意：工業風格邂逅田園風光
這座名為「滑動住宅」（SLIDING HOUSE）的建築作品座落於英國東安格利亞（East Anglia）的薩福克郡，原址曾是一個擁有平房、附屬建築和休旅車的小型莊園，建築物隨意散布在廣闊的天空下。面對當地嚴格的鄉村開發規劃限制，建築師欣然接受這些條件，因為他與業主都對鄉村農舍建築有著真摯的欣賞。
經過深入研究各種可能性後，設計團隊決定運用並改造當地木框架結構與木板覆面的「穀倉」風格。業主的需求相當明確：打造一座可自行建造的退休住宅，用於種植食物、招待客人並欣賞東安格利亞美麗的鄉村景致。建案的委託人既務實又不失品味，而建築基地則完美結合了英國起伏的鄉村風光與荷蘭的農業景觀特色。這些獨特的條件深深吸引了這群對系統、材料與非傳統建築懷有濃厚興趣的國際建築師。整個計畫由業主親自參與建造，他是一位精明能幹的數學家兼摩托車愛好者，不僅能夠精確計算設計的價值，還敢於承擔創新的風險。
驚喜與創新：突破常規的建築演繹
這座作品的成果是三個外表傳統但細節非傳統且性能卓越的建築形式，還附帶一個令人驚喜的設計。一座看似簡單的二十八公尺長線性建築，遵循當地法規允許的最大寬度五點八公尺及高度七點二公尺，被分割成三個功能區：十六公尺長的主屋、五公尺長的車庫和七公尺長的附屬建築。車庫稍微偏離中軸線，在建築物之間形成一個庭院空間。
三個固定的建築以不同的外觀材質加以區分：紅色橡膠膜與玻璃、紅色和黑色染色的落葉松木材。整個線性構圖經過精心規劃，坐落於基地東北邊界一條南北走向的平坦山脊上。因此，從道路經過附屬建築和車庫，到主屋、溫室，再到花園的動線規劃，形成了一個邏輯清晰的空間序列。住宅的臥室與服務區採用模組化木材盒式結構，而生活區則使用通用的玻璃幕牆系統。附屬建築和車庫則採用模組化木材盒式系統，搭配北歐風格的層壓木材窗戶和門框。
滑動的建築魔法：變化無窮的空間體驗
這組建築最大的驚喜在於第四個也是最大的元素——一個重達五十公噸的可移動屋頂和牆面外殼，能夠在整個基地上滑行。這是一個獨立的結構，由鋼材、木材、隔熱材料和未染色的落葉松木材組成，橫跨隱藏在混凝土基座內的軌道。這個可移動的屋頂和牆面形成了一個隔熱結構，能夠經過附屬建築、主屋和溫室，根據位置創造出不同的封閉效果、開放式生活空間以及景觀框景。構圖中的每個元素都根據框架、窗戶和牆面尺寸進行精確的比例設計。
除了地基工程、內部木工固定裝置和外部表面是現場施工外，所有元素都是預製的，方便在現場組裝。移動系統由隱藏在牆體厚度內的「轉向架」上的電動馬達驅動。四個獨立的馬達各自擁有一對直流汽車電池，可通過市電或太陽能電池板充電。鐵軌凹入整個建築所在的外部露台中，這條六公尺軌距的「鐵路」被石板鋪面接縫和線性排水溝巧妙地隱藏起來。
這種設計對齊了整個構圖，省去了屋頂排水槽的需要，並引導訪客朝向遠處的花園。未來如果業主希望建造游泳池，軌道還可以延伸，為游泳池提供偶爾的遮蔽。滑動住宅提供了極具變化性的空間、遮蔽程度、陽光和隔熱效果。這種動態變化是一種難以用文字或圖像描述的物理現象，它賦予建築根據季節、天氣或遙控器操作改變整體建築構成和特性的能力，為居住者帶來無窮的驚喜與樂趣。
London architects dRMM have designed a house with mobile walls and roof that can be moved to cover and uncover parts of the dwelling.
The house, in Suffolk, England, features a sliding structure that fits over the static main house, guest annexe and greenhouse.
The mobile element, which is 28 metres long and weighs 50 tons, move along rails set into the ground.
As it moves, the sliding element creates shifting outdoor living areas between the static elements as well as altering views, lighting conditions and the sense of enclosure inside the house.
The following information is from the dRMM:
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『SLIDING HOUSE', SUFFOLK, UK
『The Industrial and the Picturesque': A new house with guest annexe and garage for a rural site in Suffolk, East Anglia - a small-holding formerly characterised by bungalow, outbuildings and caravan arranged casually under a big sky.
The stringent local Planning parameters for rural development were accepted by the architect who shares with the client a genuine appreciation of vernacular farm buildings.
After studying alternatives it was agreed to manipulate the local timber framed and clad 』shed' idiom.
The brief was a self-build house to retire to in order to grow food, entertain and enjoy the East Anglia landscape.
The client was both straightforward and sophisticated. The site offered a combination of rolling England and agricultural Holland. These parameters greatly appealed to the international architects interested in systems, materials and unconventional architecture.
The project was designed to be elaborated on and built by the client, an enterprising mathematician and motorcyclist. A client/maker capable of calculating the value of design and of risk.
The outcome is 3 conventional building forms, with unconventional detailing and radical performance. And a big surprise. A 28m linear building of apparent simplicity follows the requisite maximum 5.8m permitted width, 7.2m height is sliced into 3 programmes; 16m house, 5m garage and 7m annexe. The garage is pulled off axis to form a courtyard between slices of building. The 3 fixed buildings are further defined with distinct finishes; red rubber membrane and glass, red and black stained larch respectively.
The linear composition is carefully sited on a level ridge which runs north/south along the north eastern boundary of the site. Thus the choreographed progression from road past annexe and garage, to house, glasshouse and then on to garden are a logical sequence. The bedroom/service half of the house is modular timber cassette construction, the living half a generic curtain wall glazing system. The annexe and garage are constructed from the modular timber cassette system with scandinavian laminated section windows and doors.
The surprise is that these separated forms can be transformed by the fourth and largest element in the group, the 50 ton mobile roof and wall enclosure which traverses the site. This is an autonomous structure; steel, timber, insulation and unstained larch spanning hidden tracks, recessed into a concrete raft on piles. The mobile roof and walls form an insulating structure that passes over the annexe, house and glasshouse, creating combinations of enclosure, open-air living and framing of views according to position.
Each element of the composition is carefully proportioned in relation to frame, window and wall sizes. All elements were prefabricated to be assembled on site, except groundworks, internal joinery fixtures and external surfaces, which were in situ.
Movement is powered by hidden electric motors on 『bogeys' integrated into the wall thickness. Each of the 4 separate motors has its own pair of DC car batteries which are charged by mains or PV solar panels.
The railway tracks are recessed into the external terrace on which the entire composition rests. The 6m gauge 『railway' is further disguised by stone paving joints and a linear drainage gully.
This aligns the whole composition, obviates any roof gutters, and draws the visitor toward the garden beyond. The tracks could be extended in the future should the client wish to build a swimming pool which in turn may need occasional shelter…
Sliding House offers radically variable spaces, extent of shelter, sunlight and insulation. The dynamic change is a physical phenomenon difficult to describe in words or images. It is about the ability to vary or connect the overall building composition and character according to season, weather, or a remote-controlled desire to delight.
Alex de Rijke, Director, dRMM
Client: Private client
Contractors: Self-build with extensive use of local and specialist contractors
Architect: dRMM; Alex de Rijke, Joana Pestana Lages Goncalves
Engineer: Michael Hadi Associates, Rutger Snoek, David Williams, Rob Hart
About dRMM
Alex de Rijke, Philip Marsh and Sadie Morgan founded dRMM, a London-based studio of international architects and designers, in 1995. Now a team of about 20, the practice takes pride in only carrying out work that is innovative, high quality and socially useful. They have a track record of creating extraordinary architecture within the standard constraints of the construction industry. Their radical projects are led by site, client needs, concept and construction, rather than formulaic or style-based decisions. The team defines its approach as economy of means, expressive of use, materials and construction: an architecture of 『maximalism'.
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Posted by Rose Etherington
