斯洛伐克最大社會主義工人宿舍的蛻變：Atrium Architekti 改造 KOSMALT 住宅
斯洛伐克最大社會主義工人宿舍的蛻變：Atrium Architekti 改造 KOSMALT 住宅
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位於斯洛伐克科希策（Košice）特拉薩（Terasa）社區的 KOSMALT，最初建於 1960 年代，由建築師 Ladislav Greč 與 Róbert Kandrík 設計，曾是當地 VSŽ 鋼鐵廠最大的單身工人宿舍，建築名稱取自當地特產的琺瑯鋼材。
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如今，當地的建築師事務所 Atrium Architekti 操刀完成了這座十三層樓地標建築的全面整修與改造，將二十世紀後半葉的實用主義社會主義宿舍，轉化為符合當代居住需求的優質城市住宅。
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整座建築由嚴謹的網格界定其結構系統，最顯著的特色為東西兩側由 22 × 13 個相同預鑄混凝土模組構成的巨大立面。
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改造團隊保留並強化了這套強烈的幾何網格，塗覆單色灰調，大幅提升了建築的雄偉與純粹感。
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室內則展開微創式修復，揭露並還原數十年來被遮蔽的歷史紋理，包含公共走廊的磨石子地板、門廳的大理石牆面、 石灰華石材裙樓以及鋼結構樓梯；同時導入擴張網、波浪板與亮眼色彩等現代語彙，實現新舊對話。
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這件案子最大挑戰在於將原本單一的宿舍單元改造為高效好用的私人住宅，團隊規劃出 507 戶面積僅 21 平方公尺（約 6.3 坪）的「XS 極簡戶型」，透過大面積玻璃窗與陽台景觀引入採光，無論單身或雙人居住皆極具空間感。
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此外，全新的指引系統運用鮭魚粉、象牙白與黃色，搭配正負號標誌區分走廊翼樓，為曾經強調集體意識的工業遺產注入了尊嚴、彈性與當代生活的暖意。
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#舊建築改造
#AdaptiveReuse #Panelaky #MicroLiving #ApartmentRenovation #ArchitectureDesign #SocialistModernism
#KOSMALT #AtriumArchitekti
#斯洛伐克建築 #科希策 #舊建築改造 #預鑄混凝土 #微型住宅 #公寓翻新 #建築設計 #現代主義
斯洛伐克最大的工人宿舍大變身！位於 Košice 的「KOSMALT」大樓建於 1960 年代，原本是鋼鐵廠的巨型單身宿舍。建築事務所 Atrium Architekti 最近完成了超猛的改造計畫，把這座冷戰時期的巨型預鑄混凝土大樓改造成 507 戶現代極簡住宅！
外觀保留了超震撼的 22 × 13 幾何網格立面，並刷上極致簡約的單色灰。室內則把藏了幾十年的磨石子地板和大理石牆面重新打磨修復，再加入金屬波浪板跟亮眼色彩，把舊年代的質感與現代潮流完美融合。
最厲害的是裡面的「XS 號小宅」，每戶只有約 6.3 坪（21 sqm），但透過超大面採光窗跟陽台景觀，就算兩個人住也完全不壓迫。這項計畫證實了只要設計得當，老舊的社會主義大樓也能轉化成超有質感的當代城市住宅！
KOSMALT is originally the largest workers’ dormitory of the Košice steelworks VSŽ, built in the 1960s according to the design of architects Ladislav Greč and Róbert Kandrík. The name of the building refers to a type of enameled steel, the production of which was specific to the local steelworks. The building is located in the Terasa housing estate in Košice and, thanks to its distinctive silhouette and characteristic façade, forms a dominant feature of the urban structure.
The aim of the comprehensive renovation of both the exterior and the interior of the building was to preserve the identity of the structure, rehabilitate its original qualities and at the same time adapt it to today’s housing requirements. The approach of the architects is based on the belief that even typologically utilitarian buildings of the second half of the 20th century can, after a sensitive transformation, offer full-fledged and attractive urban housing.
The thirteen-storey building is defined by a strict structural and spatial grid, which also determines the form of the exterior. The geometric grid of the façade created from prefabricated concrete modules gives the building an unmistakable expression. The strictly modular eastern and western façade, formed by a grid of 22 × 13 identical fields, became the main motif of the renovation. The reconstruction respects this principle, develops it and elevates it into one of the strongest architectural elements of the building. The monochromatic grey colour of the façade supports its monumentality and purity of composition.
An important part of the design was the uncovering and restoration of valuable original materials and details that had been covered by newer layers over the decades. The original cast terrazzo in the common corridors and staircases, marble cladding of the vestibule, travertine plinth of the façade, original steel beams in the common areas as well as the steel gallery and staircase in the entrance hall were preserved and refurbished. New interventions enter the building through a contemporary language by means of expanded metal, corrugated sheet metal, newly designed custom lighting and strong colour accents. The old and the new remain clearly distinguished from floor to ceiling, yet architecturally balanced.
The building has retained its original residential function. The layout respects the logic of the structure and at the same time fully uses its potential. The main challenge was to transform the original identical residential cells into quality private units corresponding to the current standard. Analyses in the design phase confirmed that compact XS layouts with an area of 21 m² work for individuals as well as for couples. The feeling of airiness is supported by generous glazing, loggias and views of the city, especially from higher floors. In total, the building offers 507 residential units.
In contrast to the scale of the apartments themselves, the entrance spaces, corridors and vertical communications appear generous and representative. Thanks to sufficient natural light, views and generous proportions, they acquire the character of social spaces on each of the thirteen floors. Two identical, symmetrically placed staircases continue to clearly divide the building into two parts, originally male and female.
Part of the design is also a new orientation system based on colour and symbol. Salmon, ivory and yellow colours together with plus and minus signs distinguish the individual corridor wings and help visitors intuitively read the layout of the building.
KOSMALT was not originally designed as an adaptable building; however, its renovation managed to introduce this quality into the structure. The project thus brings an approach that is still not common in our conditions – a sensitive transformation of an existing building, the “renovation of a panel building” as a full-fledged architectural strategy.
Originally, the building served as a socialist dormitory – a type of accommodation intended for single workers, which was to provide basic facilities as well as social supervision. Today, the same building enters a completely different social context and offers individual, dignified and contemporary forms of housing. The transformation of KOSMALT confirms that architecture can flexibly adapt to diverse needs and reflect the life cycles of those who inhabit it.
Location：Slovakia - Košice
Designer：Atrium Architekti
