結合建築與自然 MECANOO 建築師事務所的 TU Delft 圖書館
Mecanoo Architecten 建築師事務所為荷蘭最大的科技大學-台夫特科技大學(TU Delft)設計的新圖書館基地非常特殊，旁邊是一座建於1960年代，由 Team Ten architects (Van den Broek & Bakema) 設計，以混凝土為主要材質、外表不修邊幅充滿粗獷主義味道的禮堂。
為 了向新時代邁進，但又不過份主導其地位，Mecanoo 以景觀建築的處理手法將圖書館的屋頂處理成一道大緩坡，坡上覆蓋著草皮。圖書館主要空間均掩藏在草坡底下，草坡上僅露出一個顯眼的圓錐體，使人一眼就瞧見 圖書館的所在，這道草坡與校園綠意串成一片，人們很輕鬆自在地漫步於此，躺在草地上享受著陽光的溫暖，台灣建築物的屋頂經常是空調機電設備躲藏的無人角 落，然而 Mecanoo的新圖書館屋頂卻成為學生們最愛聚集的所在。準建築人手札愛你唷
圖書館的玻璃外牆及處於館內中心位置的透明圓錐體中空設計，引入天然光幫助照明外，圓錐體頂部的天窗更能造成空氣對流，將館內的熱氣帶走。
圖書館平面為不規則多邊形，南側為圖書館的最高點，草坡由南向北緩緩而下。圖書館東、西、南三向以玻璃包覆，幫助採光。
草坡在北側與地面接觸的邊緣開了一道口逐漸向內壓縮，來此的人宛如進入山洞般探險而通過圖書館入口，迎面而來竟是一個寬敞的閱覽空間，閱覽空間中央有一個像是火箭底部的物體，由幾根傾斜鋼柱撐起，往上即是象徵圖書館所在的圓錐塔，圓錐塔內有四層座位區供人在此讀書。
圓錐體是閱覽空間的重心，藏書置於四周，獨立式閱讀座位有的面向牆壁，有的卻朝向散發光線的圓錐體，讓讀者選擇個人喜愛的景觀。另外有開放式的討論空間和電腦使用區，除了實際功用，各區檯凳形狀、用色不一，各具視覺美感。
辦公室和研究室沿著閱覽空間周圍配置，辦公室在東側和南側，研究室在西側，全館共有一千個座位，其中有三百個座位配有電腦，藏書則置放在溫濕度控制功能的地下室。
>>相關資料
設計案名稱：Central Library Delft University of Technology | 台夫特大學中央圖書館
設計案位置：Prometheusplein 1, Delft 荷蘭台夫特
業主：ING Vastgoed, Den Haag
建築師：Mecanoo Architecten 建築師事務所
用途：圖書館、讀書室、藏書庫
設計：1993年~1995年
建造：1996年~1998年
總樓地板面積：15000 平方米
承包商：Van Oorschot Versloot Bouw, Rotterdam; Boele van Eesteren V.O.F.
結構技師：ABT bv, Delft
建築物理顧問：Adviesbureau Peutz Associes b.v., Molenhoek
電力顧問：Deerns raadgevende ingenieurs b.v., Rijswijk
機電顧問：Ketel raadgevende ingenieurs b.v., Delft
>>相關圖片
The fascinating site for the new library on the 1960s campus of the Delft University of Technology is overshadowed by a large, brutalist concrete auditorium from the Team Ten architects, Van den Broek & Bakema. The concrete surroundings inspired a radical change. The university needed a campus atmosphere: lawns with flowers and trees where students and professors meet informally on broad stairs. A library recalls the image of endless rows of books in cases reaching up to the ceiling. A modern library however is served by computers, books are stored in basements. It is a building where technique is displayed. In this way the programm was formulated.
The Van den Broek & Bakema auditorium sits like a huge frog in the green grass. The vast lawn is lifted on one edge like a sheet of paper and shapes the roof of the new library. A roof that can be walked upon. The grass roof of the library is freely accessible for walking and lounging, creating a new amenity for the whole campus.
It is supported by slender steel columns in a huge hall enclosed with canted, fully glazed walls. The base of the slope to the west is marked by a broad flight of steps leading up to a recessed entrance. A huge cone pierces the green expanse, articulated by a 1500 mm wide necklace of glazing in the plane of the roof.
Supported on splayed steel columns, the cone houses four levels of traditional study spaces connected by a helical stair. Within the cone, a central void provides daylight from a glazed roof to the internal reading spaces. The apex of the cone is formed by an open frame. Extending forty metres above grade and floodlit at night, the cone acts as a beacon on the campus day and night.
The density of the mass of the planted roof has significant insulating properties, so that the interior of the building is less susceptible to changes in temperature. In addition, the mass provides excellent soundproofing, and gradual evaporation of rainwater held by the vegetation provides natural cooling in the summer. To avoid disfiguring the roof landscape with mechanical cooling units, and also for ecological reasons, cold storage - the capacity to store cold or heat in ground water - is used. For this building, the storage is in a layer of sand at a depth of 45 to 70 metres below grade. The sand is sealed off above and below by an impenetrable layer of clay. Two tubes stand vertically in the sand 60 metres apart. In winter relatively warm ground water is pumped up through one tube, used to temper the building until it cools, and then pumped back into the other tube. In summer the water takes the opposite route, with the relatively cold ground water being used to cool the building.
The glazed facades also play a critical role in the environmental strategy of the building. These facades consist of an outer double glazed unit, a 140 mm wide ventilated air cavity with solar shading, and a sliding inner leaf of toughened glass. Air is supplied into the cavity at floor level and sucked out at high level on each floor. Opening windows incorporated in the facade are small so as to disrupt the flow of air within the cavity as little as possible.準建築人手札愛你唷
The building provides approximately 1000 study spaces, 300 of which are equipped with computer terminals. In addition to the study areas within the cone, spaces are provided at ground and first floor levels adjacent to the glazed north facade. In contrast, most of the books are kept in temperature and humidity controlled storerooms in the basement. They may be requested for retrieval by library staff and are delivered to the circulation desk by a glazed elevator. Some 80,000 volumes of the most recent publications are available to the public. These are tangibly close at hand, displayed in a four-story, suspended steel-framed bookcase silhouetted against an ultramarine wall. Finally, thousands of current periodicals are on open display at ground level. In addition to serving the local needs of university students and staff, the library provides distance reference and information services for many companies and industries. Designated as the national library for technical and natural sciences, the facility is also connected electronically to major libraries around the world. The library thus satisfies both electronic needs and the sensory pleasures derived from being able to touch and smell the books.準建築人手札愛你唷
Staff offices are planned at the perimeter of the building, rising to five stories at the southeast corner. The east wing is designed as a double loaded corridor with support facilities on the dark interior side and offices along the glazed outer edge. The offices look out through a slender canted colonnade to a row of mature trees along the street. The south wing is single loaded, with open circulation galleries and stairs expressed within the large central space of the library. The office wall along this corridor is a collage of transparent and several kinds of translucent glass, and the exterior window wall of the offices is fully glazed. The rich quality of dappled light admitted into the heart of the building through these many layers of glass helps to activate the vast interior space. Likewise a book shop and a coffee bar activate the library socially.準建築人手札愛你唷
為 了向新時代邁進，但又不過份主導其地位，Mecanoo 以景觀建築的處理手法將圖書館的屋頂處理成一道大緩坡，坡上覆蓋著草皮。圖書館主要空間均掩藏在草坡底下，草坡上僅露出一個顯眼的圓錐體，使人一眼就瞧見 圖書館的所在，這道草坡與校園綠意串成一片，人們很輕鬆自在地漫步於此，躺在草地上享受著陽光的溫暖，台灣建築物的屋頂經常是空調機電設備躲藏的無人角 落，然而 Mecanoo的新圖書館屋頂卻成為學生們最愛聚集的所在。準建築人手札愛你唷
圖書館的玻璃外牆及處於館內中心位置的透明圓錐體中空設計，引入天然光幫助照明外，圓錐體頂部的天窗更能造成空氣對流，將館內的熱氣帶走。
圖書館平面為不規則多邊形，南側為圖書館的最高點，草坡由南向北緩緩而下。圖書館東、西、南三向以玻璃包覆，幫助採光。
草坡在北側與地面接觸的邊緣開了一道口逐漸向內壓縮，來此的人宛如進入山洞般探險而通過圖書館入口，迎面而來竟是一個寬敞的閱覽空間，閱覽空間中央有一個像是火箭底部的物體，由幾根傾斜鋼柱撐起，往上即是象徵圖書館所在的圓錐塔，圓錐塔內有四層座位區供人在此讀書。
圓錐體是閱覽空間的重心，藏書置於四周，獨立式閱讀座位有的面向牆壁，有的卻朝向散發光線的圓錐體，讓讀者選擇個人喜愛的景觀。另外有開放式的討論空間和電腦使用區，除了實際功用，各區檯凳形狀、用色不一，各具視覺美感。
辦公室和研究室沿著閱覽空間周圍配置，辦公室在東側和南側，研究室在西側，全館共有一千個座位，其中有三百個座位配有電腦，藏書則置放在溫濕度控制功能的地下室。
>>相關資料
設計案名稱：Central Library Delft University of Technology | 台夫特大學中央圖書館
設計案位置：Prometheusplein 1, Delft 荷蘭台夫特
業主：ING Vastgoed, Den Haag
建築師：Mecanoo Architecten 建築師事務所
用途：圖書館、讀書室、藏書庫
設計：1993年~1995年
建造：1996年~1998年
總樓地板面積：15000 平方米
承包商：Van Oorschot Versloot Bouw, Rotterdam; Boele van Eesteren V.O.F.
結構技師：ABT bv, Delft
建築物理顧問：Adviesbureau Peutz Associes b.v., Molenhoek
電力顧問：Deerns raadgevende ingenieurs b.v., Rijswijk
機電顧問：Ketel raadgevende ingenieurs b.v., Delft
>>相關圖片
The fascinating site for the new library on the 1960s campus of the Delft University of Technology is overshadowed by a large, brutalist concrete auditorium from the Team Ten architects, Van den Broek & Bakema. The concrete surroundings inspired a radical change. The university needed a campus atmosphere: lawns with flowers and trees where students and professors meet informally on broad stairs. A library recalls the image of endless rows of books in cases reaching up to the ceiling. A modern library however is served by computers, books are stored in basements. It is a building where technique is displayed. In this way the programm was formulated.
The Van den Broek & Bakema auditorium sits like a huge frog in the green grass. The vast lawn is lifted on one edge like a sheet of paper and shapes the roof of the new library. A roof that can be walked upon. The grass roof of the library is freely accessible for walking and lounging, creating a new amenity for the whole campus.
It is supported by slender steel columns in a huge hall enclosed with canted, fully glazed walls. The base of the slope to the west is marked by a broad flight of steps leading up to a recessed entrance. A huge cone pierces the green expanse, articulated by a 1500 mm wide necklace of glazing in the plane of the roof.
Supported on splayed steel columns, the cone houses four levels of traditional study spaces connected by a helical stair. Within the cone, a central void provides daylight from a glazed roof to the internal reading spaces. The apex of the cone is formed by an open frame. Extending forty metres above grade and floodlit at night, the cone acts as a beacon on the campus day and night.
The density of the mass of the planted roof has significant insulating properties, so that the interior of the building is less susceptible to changes in temperature. In addition, the mass provides excellent soundproofing, and gradual evaporation of rainwater held by the vegetation provides natural cooling in the summer. To avoid disfiguring the roof landscape with mechanical cooling units, and also for ecological reasons, cold storage - the capacity to store cold or heat in ground water - is used. For this building, the storage is in a layer of sand at a depth of 45 to 70 metres below grade. The sand is sealed off above and below by an impenetrable layer of clay. Two tubes stand vertically in the sand 60 metres apart. In winter relatively warm ground water is pumped up through one tube, used to temper the building until it cools, and then pumped back into the other tube. In summer the water takes the opposite route, with the relatively cold ground water being used to cool the building.
The glazed facades also play a critical role in the environmental strategy of the building. These facades consist of an outer double glazed unit, a 140 mm wide ventilated air cavity with solar shading, and a sliding inner leaf of toughened glass. Air is supplied into the cavity at floor level and sucked out at high level on each floor. Opening windows incorporated in the facade are small so as to disrupt the flow of air within the cavity as little as possible.準建築人手札愛你唷
The building provides approximately 1000 study spaces, 300 of which are equipped with computer terminals. In addition to the study areas within the cone, spaces are provided at ground and first floor levels adjacent to the glazed north facade. In contrast, most of the books are kept in temperature and humidity controlled storerooms in the basement. They may be requested for retrieval by library staff and are delivered to the circulation desk by a glazed elevator. Some 80,000 volumes of the most recent publications are available to the public. These are tangibly close at hand, displayed in a four-story, suspended steel-framed bookcase silhouetted against an ultramarine wall. Finally, thousands of current periodicals are on open display at ground level. In addition to serving the local needs of university students and staff, the library provides distance reference and information services for many companies and industries. Designated as the national library for technical and natural sciences, the facility is also connected electronically to major libraries around the world. The library thus satisfies both electronic needs and the sensory pleasures derived from being able to touch and smell the books.準建築人手札愛你唷
Staff offices are planned at the perimeter of the building, rising to five stories at the southeast corner. The east wing is designed as a double loaded corridor with support facilities on the dark interior side and offices along the glazed outer edge. The offices look out through a slender canted colonnade to a row of mature trees along the street. The south wing is single loaded, with open circulation galleries and stairs expressed within the large central space of the library. The office wall along this corridor is a collage of transparent and several kinds of translucent glass, and the exterior window wall of the offices is fully glazed. The rich quality of dappled light admitted into the heart of the building through these many layers of glass helps to activate the vast interior space. Likewise a book shop and a coffee bar activate the library socially.準建築人手札愛你唷
